Authors : Sunita V. Jawale and Jagdish H. Sawdekar
Page Nos : 61-63
Description :
It is a branch of science which deals with the study of conservation of resources and its management, analysis with respect to the human life. Environment studies have a wide-scope. It includes the studies of natural and social sciences hence it is known as a science of all science, Day-by-Day the temperature of earth increased due to the deforestation, ozone layer depletion, nuclear tests etc. Flood and drought both are natural hazards and are related with rainfall. If there is heavy rain in the catchment area of a river, floods will occur on the other hand, if there is less rain or failure of monsoon, droughts will occur. In both the situations their impact on environment creates problems and also affects the regional ecosystem. Flood is a hydrological phenomenon that occurs in any drainage basin. Its magnitude and frequency vary primarily on the precipitation conditional in the catchment area Such calamites minor damages or of floods pose a serious problem to the whole environmental setup of aragion bringing about some phenomenal changes in the physical environment us bearing in accelerated emotional transformational and depositional activities of the river with the consequent effects on soil. The divesting effects of flood can be seen on vegetation, agriculture, industry etc. Human beings lived in some harmony with the environment, as did other animals, their retreat from the wilderness begun with the first prehistoric agricultural revolution. The ability to control and use fire allowed them to modify or eliminate natural vegetation and the domestication and herding of grazing animals eventually resulted in overgrazing and soil erosion. The domestication of plants also led to the distraction of natural vegetation to make room for crops. Indian agriculture is affected by drought water shortages, soil salinity, low prices for agricultural production, pesticidal, low quality seeds, denudation of local biodiversity, erosion of top soil and associated tamines, Drought and floods in the heavily populated northern, eastern and coastal zones of ten occur cyclically over 80 percent of the sub-continent is chronically drought prone. Faced with the main problems of population pressure and land scarcity, policy thrust has been to increase agricultural production by intensifying cultivation and more or less fixed land resource base such an approach at a heavier only in marginal increase were achieved at a heavier cost of environment & loss of biodiversity. The question now being asked is whether this growth can be sustained. With the degradation of soil resources and scarcity of important input like water, food production levels are in fact decelerating.
